Next we move on to the arms. For the longest time I had so much trouble posing arms on my standing characters. If I just wanted a character sheet - nothing to special; no wild pose or object to interact with; JUST standing there, I would get to the arms and draw and erase for an hour before I'd give up. I finally started to really pay attention to the way the arm lays when relaxed and realized what I'd been doing wrong all along. First off, you have to understand that the tendents and muscles in your arms are not relaxed if their stretched straight out. When you're relaxed, your joints are bent slightly. Also - when relaxed, the arm doesn't fall directly down from the shoulder. Rather the arm, directly from the shoulder, bends out and back slightly. From the elbow the forearm stretches down and forward slightly. If you have a full-length mirror in your house, stand in front of it and look at the way yours arms fall when relaxed.
	Here is where we get to the muscles. Now that all the basic guides are drawn out we can start to fill out the body with some detail. The muscle the comes down over the shoulder and connects to the pecks is called the Deltoideus. It's responsable for lifting the arm, so on a more built male character, this is larger and rounded. The trapezious (the upwards rounded area between the shoulders and the neck) flows into the deltoideus muscle, which also effects the pecktoral muscles in the chest. The chest muscles come in and under the deltoid muscle and connect to the humerous bone in the arm. Because of this, these muscles are linked during movement.
	Here I filled out the rest of the arm. The biceps (responsible for rotating and bending the forearm) come in from under the deltoid. When the arm is bent, this muscle is larger and more round (as seen in the secondary example image in the previous paragraph). In the top half of your arm there is one bone, the Humerous, but in the lower half of your arm there are two and they can twist and rotate to add increased movement. These bones are called the Radius and the Ulna. Stretch your arm out in front of you and rotate your forearm without moving your upper limb. See how the flat part of your arm that meets with your palm twists? Now pay attention to the shape your arm makes when you change the angle at which your arm is bent - it varies. When standing relaxed the flat of your elbow is facing mostly forward, while the flat just above your palm is facing inwards towards your body.
	Once I was satisfied with the arms I cleaned up all my extra pencil marks and moved onto the rest of the body. Normally I erase my guide lines as I go, but I left most of them around longer for the sack of giving you all a clearer view of how I was getting from each step to the next. Below the pectoral muscles are four sets of abdomon muscles. The first set that comes down directly below the pecks are the smallest. These aren't very visible on slim people with little muscle mass since they are actually on top of the rib cage. The other three sets are located below the rib cage and increase in length as you go down - the last set being the longest and extending downwards. The 'belly-button' is located at the top of the last set.
	And finally I get down to the legs. You'll probably notice that I drew the shoes instead of feet. That's a habbit of mine. Only one in about 20 drawings of mine actually involve the character being barefooted so I rarely ever take the time to draw bare feet. While I always draw the body down before adding clothing, I rarely see any need to draw bare feet before drawing in the shoes. Moving back up to the legs, you should make note that the area where the legs actually contact with the hips, they are thinner then the mass in the center of the upper-leg. I'v found that drawing muscles in the legs is more difficult then in the arms and usually tend not to get too detailed with them. Just remember that at the top of the legs where they meet the crotch area, they do curve inwards. And when meeting the knees, they curve inwards again. On the lower legs, the mass isn't as evenly distributed. The calve muscles make a large outward curve towards the top of the lower-leg, just below the knedd. The mass is larger on the outer side then on the inner side. On the inner side of the leg, the cuve is more gradual but is still larger towards the top. Well, I find that I'm running out of things to say. I guess all that's left is to say that if you're still interested in inproving your muscle drawing skills, that you should probably go out and look for some art-anatomy book. They're usually full of drawings of the human muscle system and bones with explanations of how each muscle effects the body and how they change and move with different actions and movements. The How to Draw Manga book, Bodies and Anatomy is also a great reference. I hope this was helpful. I hadn't really planned on writing up this tutorial, but for some odd reason I was just in the mood to do it tonight. Oh - and one last thing. I typed this up in windows notepad (no spellcheck) around 4am so if it's full of typos from me typing too fast and not paying attention then I really don't need to hear abou it. I'm not writing these to be gramatically correct or to check my spelling and typing every turn - so you can just live with it. Sorry all ^_^ Bai